Start-up of an intermittent-aeration integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) – oxic settling anaerobic (OSA) biological system coupling shortcut simultaneous nitrification-denitrification to near-zero sludge generation

Sep 15, 2025

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Start-up of an intermittent-aeration integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) – oxic settling anaerobic (OSA) biological system coupling shortcut simultaneous nitrification-denitrification to near-zero sludge generation

Start-up of an intermittent-aeration integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) – oxic settling anaerobic (OSA) biological system coupling shortcut simultaneous nitrification-denitrification to near-zero sludge generation

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Start-up of an intermittent-aeration integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) – oxic settling anaerobic (OSA) biological system coupling shortcut simultaneous nitrification-denitrification to near-zero sludge generation

Start-up of an intermittent-aeration integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) – oxic settling anaerobic (OSA) biological system coupling shortcut simultaneous nitrification-denitrification to near-zero sludge generation

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